Surface plasmons have optical properties, which are very interesting. Nanoplasmonics fundamentals and applications intechopen. For instance, surface plasmons have the unique capacity to confine light at the nanoscale. Large spontaneousemission enhancements in metallic nanostructures. Nanoplasmonics and threedimensional plasmonic metamaterials. The spps are very important in nanoplasmonics and nanodevices, due to their subwavelength nature, that is, because their spatial scale is smaller than that of. Metamaterials are rationally designed composites aiming at effective material parameters that go beyond those of the ingredient materials.
Shalaev is recognized for his pioneering studies on linear and nonlinear optics of random nanophotonic composites that had helped to mold the research area of composite optical media. Design of metamaterials in the projects 62 magnonic metamaterial designs 62 design of nanostructured metamaterials in metachem 641 nanoclusters. Tsakmakidis, active nanoplasmonic metamaterials, nat. Ortwin hess chair professor of quantum nanophotonics. Shalaev school of electrical and computer engineering and birck nanotechnology center, purdue university, west lafayette, indiana 47907, usa. On introducing and expounding the underlying theoretical concepts of the complex interaction between plasmons and gain media, we examine the experimental efforts in areas such as nanoplasmonic and metamaterial lasers. At optical frequencies, using gain to overcome potentially not insignificant losses has recently emerged as a viable solution to ultralowloss operation that may lead to nextgeneration active. On introducing and expounding the underlying theoretical concepts of the complex interaction between plasmons and gain media, we examine the. Trapped rainbow storage of light in metamaterials nature 450, 397 2007 by tsakmakidis, boardman and hess. Part of the problem is that optical metamaterials are often lossy 7. Exceptional points and spectral singularities in active epsilonnearzero plasmonic waveguides ying li and christos argyropoulos dept.
Beyond the regime of amplification, when gain exceeds both dissipative losses and radiative outcoupling, lasing instabilities occur. Spie 6638, photonic metamaterials, 66380q 28 september 2007. The properties stem from the unique structure of the composites, with features smaller than the wavelength of light separated by subwavelength distances. World scientific handbook of metamaterials and plasmonics world. An undergraduate experiment demonstrating the physics of.
Pdf on jul 11, 2014, mahfuzur rahman and others published. Electrodynamic modeling of quantum dot luminescence in. Active nanoplasmonic metamaterials article pdf available in nature materials 117. The area of plasmonics emerges in this context through the interaction of light with valence electrons in metals. The interaction of light with matter has triggered the interest of scientists for a long time. Nanoplasmonic systems are valued for their strong optical response and their small size. On the origin of chirality in nanoplasmonic gyroid. Recently it has been shown that the internal losses due to the natural absorption of metals at optical frequencies can be compensated by gain. For example, negative metamaterial properties, such as.
He is a fellow of the institute of physics, the optical society of america, and spie. Active nanoplasmonic metamaterials nature materials 11, 573 584 2012 by hess et al. Oxides and nitrides as alternative plasmonic materials in the optical range invited gururaj v. He was the recipient of the 2010 sackler prize in the physical sciences and the. The marriage of nanoplasmonic metamaterials with quantum gain media represents an exciting frontier in nanophotonics and nanoscience, and is a precursor of active, intergrated quantum nanooptics. An undergraduate experiment demonstrating the physics of metamaterials with acoustic waves and soda cans. World scientific handbook of metamaterials and plasmonics. By fabricating such metamaterials, researchers have overcome fundamental limits tied to the wavelength of.
Nanoplasmonics concerns to the investigation of electron oscillations in metallic nanostructures and nanoparticles. In the end, the active metamaterial provide a unique platform for independent manipulation of group and phase velocities of electromagnetic radiation in subdiffraction areas. Jan 31, 2019 metamaterials are rationally designed composites aiming at effective material parameters that go beyond those of the ingredient materials. Nanoplasmonic metamaterials are an exciting new class of engineered media that promise a range of important applications, such as subwavelength focusing, cloaking, and slowing stopping of light. Optical cloaking with metamaterials purdue university. Since all known metamaterials contain metal elements, active molecules coupled to the metal elements. Oxides and nitrides as alternative plasmonic materials in the. Black plate 224,1 optical cloaking with metamaterials wenshan cai, uday k. The random phase approximation in the long wavelength limit is used for analytical investigation of plasmons in three. It then considers the theory of loss compensation in the plasmonic metamaterials containing gain, and shows analytically that the full compensation or overcompensation of the optical loss in a dense resonant gain metamaterial leads to an instability that is resolved by its spasing. Active control of electromagnetically induced transparency analogue in terahertz metamaterials j gu, r singh, x liu, x zhang, y ma, s zhang, sa maier, z tian, ak azad. Soukoulis1,3 1department of physics and astronomy and ames laboratory, iowa state university, ames, iowa 50011, usa 2key laboratory of intelligent computing and signal processing, anhui university, hefei 230039, china.
Recent advances in metamaterials research and active plasmonics bring with them the prospect for next generation, lossfree optical metamaterial designs 1. Large spontaneousemission enhancements in metallic. This cited by count includes citations to the following articles in scholar. We report that lasing of the bright negativeindex mode is possible if the higherq dark mode is discriminated by gain, spatially or spectrally. Plasmonic metamaterials form an exciting new class of engineered media that promise a range of important applications, such as subwavelength focusing, cloaking and slowingstopping of light. Oxides and nitrides as alternative plasmonic materials in. Active and tunable metamaterials purdue engineering.
Mechanism of the metallic metamaterials coupled to the gain. Using a maxwellbloch approach incorporating langevin noise we study. The immense potential of refractive index engineering in metamaterials can be further. Active plasmonics and tuneable plasmonic metamaterials wiley. Osa from losscompensation to amplification and lasing. Hess, from losscompensation to amplification and lasing in active nanoplasmonic metamaterials, in frontiers in optics 2012laser science xxviii, osa technical digest online optical society of america, 2012, paper fth2a.
Our present discussion of the physics of gainenhanced active nanoplasmonic metamaterials is divided into two main parts. Optical metamaterials and nanoplasmonics offer extreme control and localization of light within volumes that can be smaller than a cubic light wavelength by more than three orders of magnitude, but they suffer from appreciable dissipative losses. Using a maxwellbloch approach incorporating langevin noise we study the lasing dynamics in an active nano. Bridging condensed matter theory and quantum optics he specialises in nanophotonics, plasmonics, metamaterials and semiconductor laser dynamics. Pdf nonlinear mode competition in a lasing nanoplasmonic.
We study the spatiotemporal mode competition and explore methods of mode control. By defining and analysing an effective rate balance, radiative outcoupling is found to be nonnegligible. Active nanoplasmonic metamaterials nature materials. Exceptional points and spectral singularities in active. Pdf nanoplasmonics and its applied devices researchgate. Mechanism of the metallic metamaterials coupled to the. However, as of today, the suggested applications of metamaterials cannot be realized due to high joule losses. Although most of the signature effects associated with metamaterials 1,2 negative index, perfect absorption and cloaking have been successfully demonstrated at nearinfrared and visible wavelengths 3,4,5,6, there are still doubts about the exact potential of artificial optical media for real applications. Metamaterials can be defined as artificially structured materials used to control and mold the flow of electromagnetic waves or possibly any other type of physical waves. Control and dynamic competition of bright and dark lasing states in active nanoplasmonic metamaterials.
Spaser, plasmonic amplification, and loss compensation. Pdf control and dynamic competition of bright and dark. Boyd,2,3 eli yablonovitch,4,5 and xiang zhang1,4, 1nanoscale science and engineering center, university of california, berkeley, california 94720, usa 2department of physics and max planck centre for extreme and quantum photonics, university of. We report that lasing of the bright negativeindex mode is possible if the higherq dark mode is discriminated. Dynamics of amplification in a nanoplasmonic metamaterial. Active plasmonics and tuneable plasmonic metamaterials. Nonlinear mode competition in a lasing nanoplasmonic metamaterial.
One crucial roadblock in the path to devices is the fact that active optical metamaterials are so far controlled by light rather than electricity, preventing them from being integrated in larger. The ones marked may be different from the article in the profile. To overcome this problem and compensate for losses it was proposed to incorporate an active medium into the material matrix 2326. Spoof surface plasmon metamaterials on a wide range of geometries are discussed. Ortwin hess born 1966 is a germanborn theoretical physicist at imperial college london uk, working in condensed matter optics. He also contributed to the emergence of a new field of engineered, artificial materials optical metamaterials.
Metamaterials are tailormade photonic compositescombinations of materials designed to achieve optical properties not seen in nature. Using a maxwellbloch approach incorporating langevin noise we study the lasing dynamics in an active nanofishnet structure. Active nanoplasmonic metamaterials, pumped above lasing threshold, can exhibit dynamic competition between bright, radiative and dark, trapped modes of the structure. Hence, contrary to quasistatic predictions for nanoplasmonic metamaterials, a window of amplification opens. Boas, sava sakadzic, anna devor, and yeshaiahu fainman, efficient nondegenerate twophoton excitation for fluorescence microscopy opt. Nanoplasmonics is a young topic of research, which is part of nanophotonics and nanooptics.
Control and dynamic competition of bright and dark lasing. From losscompensation to amplification and lasing in active. He also leads the uk epsrc research program on active plasmonics. Nanoplasmonic metamaterials are an exciting new class of engineered media that promise a range of important applications, such as subwavelength focusing, cloaking, and slowingstopping of light. Recent progress in the field of nanoplasmonics edited by stefan a maier imperial college.
However, rendering these structures dynamic opens new possibilities for applications. Mechanism of the metallic metamaterials coupled to the gain material zhixiang huang,1,2 sotiris droulias,3 thomas koschny,1 and costas m. Control and dynamic competition of bright and dark lasing states in. Soukoulis1,3 1department of physics and astronomy and ames laboratory, iowa state university, ames, iowa 50011, usa. Most of the existing and potential future applications of nanoplasmonics suffer from damping caused by metal absorption, however. Stefan maier, phd, is the codirector of the centre for plasmonics and metamaterials at imperial college london. Spoof surface plasmon metamaterials by paloma arroyo huidobro. The physical mechanisms underlying the chiral optical behavior of the nanoplasmonic single gyroid are identified and it is shown that the optical chirality in this metallic structure is primarily determined by structural chirality and the. It will illuminate recent advances in the wider photonic metamaterials field, such as to mention a few active metamaterials and metasurfaces, selforganized nanoplasmonic metamaterials, graphene metamaterials, metamaterials with negative or vanishing refractive index and topological metamaterials facilitating ultraslow broadband waves on the. Active nanoplasmonic metamaterials support bright and dark modes that compete for gain. Osa nonlinear mode competition in a lasing nanoplasmonic. Most plasmonic sensors and systems to date have been rigid and passive. Naik,1 jongbum kim,1 and alexandra boltasseva1,2,3. An essential part of this development is the study of luminescence of.
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